Outside of the rail industry there is no specific standard for barcodes.  Work is progressing on standardisation via the Smart Transport Advisory Group (STAG) but standardisation takes time and delivery is required quickly.  Temporary solutions are needed to be put in place prior to standardisation being available. In the bus industry there are an array of sources for barcodes from ETMs to mobile apps to other ticketing providers.  There’s no agreement for cross working or organisation such as RDG or ITSO which has taken on the mantle to ensure interoperability across modes.  Buses operate differently to railways and whilst in both cases there may not always be connectivity the bus is not have different views on the risk level around tickets. Having an increasing number of QR and security schemes adds additional burden to ETM manufacturers. At TravelMaster, mobile sales to fulfil to ITSO products continue to grow.  Making the retail experience as seamless as possible has been key to this and the solution provided by UrbanThings also gives customers further benefits such as live tracking information at their fingertips.  One of the greatest shifts seen is with 18–22-year-olds and their adoption of the app with an almost complete migration from TVMs. With the introduction of QR tickets expected by the end of 2024 for day tickets for all as well as all tickets for 18–22-year-olds, John will give an overview of the challenges faced and how these were overcome to deploy multi-modal QR tickets throughout South Yorkshire